MindTree Consulting Limited is an international IT consulting company that was started in 1999 by 10 industry professionals who came from Cambridge Technology Partners, Lucent Technologies and Wipro. Currently co-headquartered in Warren, New Jersey and Bangalore, India, it has 3 development centers in India and 15 offices spread across Asia, Europe and the United States. The founding team was led by Ashok Soota, who was at that time vice chairman and president of Wipro, one of India's largest software companies. The company has close to 5500 employees.
MindTree crossed USD 100 million in revenues in April 2006[1]; the fastest Indian IT company to achieve the target. MindTree is also the world's youngest company to be assessed at both CMMi and P-CMM.
MindTree has been involved in the creation of Bluetooth technology [2] and is an Associate Member of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group [3]. Their Bluetooth protocol stack is licenced to NEC
Monday, March 24, 2008
IT IN BANGLORE
Bangalore (Indian English: [ˈbæŋgəloːɾ] (help·info)), (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು Bengaluru, ['beŋgəɭuːru] (help·info)), is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore has an estimated metropolitan population of 65 lakh (6.5 million), making it India's third most populous city[2] and fifth-largest metropolitan area.
Though historically attested at least since 900 CE, recorded history of the city starts from 1537, when Kempe Gowda I, widely regarded as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a mud fort and established it as a province of the Vijayanagara Empire. During the British Raj, Bangalore developed as a centre for colonial rule in South India. The establishment of the Bangalore Cantonment brought in large numbers of migrants from other parts of the country. Since independence in 1947, Bangalore grew to become the capital of Karnataka state. Today, as a large and growing metropolis in the developing world, Bangalore continues to struggle with problems such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and crime. Home to some of the most well-recognised colleges and research institutions in India, the city has the second-highest literacy rate among the metropolitan cities in the nation.
It is home to numerous public sector heavy industries, software companies, aerospace, telecommunications, machine tools, heavy equipment, and defence establishments. Bangalore is referred to as the Silicon Valley of India due to its pre-eminent position as the leading contributor to India's IT industry.[3] Bangalore has developed into one of India's major economic hubs and was rated by CNN as the "best place to do business" in the world.
Though historically attested at least since 900 CE, recorded history of the city starts from 1537, when Kempe Gowda I, widely regarded as the founder of modern Bangalore, built a mud fort and established it as a province of the Vijayanagara Empire. During the British Raj, Bangalore developed as a centre for colonial rule in South India. The establishment of the Bangalore Cantonment brought in large numbers of migrants from other parts of the country. Since independence in 1947, Bangalore grew to become the capital of Karnataka state. Today, as a large and growing metropolis in the developing world, Bangalore continues to struggle with problems such as air pollution, traffic congestion, and crime. Home to some of the most well-recognised colleges and research institutions in India, the city has the second-highest literacy rate among the metropolitan cities in the nation.
It is home to numerous public sector heavy industries, software companies, aerospace, telecommunications, machine tools, heavy equipment, and defence establishments. Bangalore is referred to as the Silicon Valley of India due to its pre-eminent position as the leading contributor to India's IT industry.[3] Bangalore has developed into one of India's major economic hubs and was rated by CNN as the "best place to do business" in the world.
IT IN HYDRABED
Hyderabad is known as the second Silicon Valley [1] in India after Bangalore. Hyderabad's IT exports exceeded $1 billion in 2004[1]. There has been extensive investments in digital infrastructure. Development of HITEC City prompted several IT and ITES companies to setup operations in the city - have led civic boosters to call their city "Cyberabad". The central region of this area is called HITEC City, in the Madhapur suburb.
Hyderabad today has several software technology campuses with leading companies such as Accenture, AppLabs, Infosys, Invensys, Microsoft, CSC, Oracle, Wipro, Kanbay, GE, iGate, ValueLabs, ADP, Dell, Deloitte, HSBCGLT, SumTotal, Intergraph, Analog Devices, Rhythm and Hues Studios, India, IBM, Keane,Satyam, Baan, Birlasoft, Cypress Semiconductors, InMage, SatNav Technologies, Tata Consultancy Services(TCS), Amazon , Google,HP(Hewlett-Packard),Oracle Corporation,Capgemini,CA(Computer Associates), Qualcomm, Cognizant Technology Solutions(CTS),Sierra Optima,UBS,wellsfargo,Microsoft Corporation,Cntrl S,MindTree,HCL,Polaris,Kenexa,Bank of America,InfoTech,VisualSoft,Pramati,GoldStone,Verizon,Virtusa,covansys,FourSoft,CMC,iGATE,LinkWell and Sierra Atlantic etc having established centers in the city.
Hyderabad today has several software technology campuses with leading companies such as Accenture, AppLabs, Infosys, Invensys, Microsoft, CSC, Oracle, Wipro, Kanbay, GE, iGate, ValueLabs, ADP, Dell, Deloitte, HSBCGLT, SumTotal, Intergraph, Analog Devices, Rhythm and Hues Studios, India, IBM, Keane,Satyam, Baan, Birlasoft, Cypress Semiconductors, InMage, SatNav Technologies, Tata Consultancy Services(TCS), Amazon , Google,HP(Hewlett-Packard),Oracle Corporation,Capgemini,CA(Computer Associates), Qualcomm, Cognizant Technology Solutions(CTS),Sierra Optima,UBS,wellsfargo,Microsoft Corporation,Cntrl S,MindTree,HCL,Polaris,Kenexa,Bank of America,InfoTech,VisualSoft,Pramati,GoldStone,Verizon,Virtusa,covansys,FourSoft,CMC,iGATE,LinkWell and Sierra Atlantic etc having established centers in the city.
HISTORY OF SOFTWARE
Software communities that can now be compared with today's free software community existed for a long time before the free software movement and its term "free software".[1] According to Richard Stallman, the software sharing community at MIT existed for "many years" before he got involved in 1971.[2]
Other examples were large user groups such as that of the IBM 701, whose user group was called SHARE, and that of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), whose user group was called DECUS.
Software was produced largely by academics and corporate researchers working in collaboration and was not itself seen as a commodity. Operating systems, such as early versions of UNIX, were widely distributed and maintained by the community of users. Source code, the human-readable version of software, was distributed with software because users frequently modified the software themselves to fix bugs or add new functionality, and because programmers couldn't possibly create executable machine-code for the wide variety of hardware that existed. Thus in this era, software was free in a sense, not because of any concerted effort by software users or developers, but rather because software was developed by the user community.
AT&T distributed early versions of UNIX at no cost to government and academic researchers, but these versions did not come with permission to redistribute or to distribute modified versions, and were thus not free software as the term has come to mean.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, companies began routinely imposing restrictions on programmers through copyright. Sometimes this was because they saw a way to make money by blocking rights and selling them back. AT&T, for example, began to enforce its restrictive licences when the company decided it might profit by selling the Unix system.[citation needed] Bill Gates signaled the change of the times in 1976 when he wrote his now-famous Open Letter to Hobbyists, sending out the message that what hackers called "sharing" was, in his words, "stealing".
The advent of Usenet in the early 1980s further connected the programming community and provided a simpler way for programmers to share their software and contribute to software others had written.[3]
Some free software which was developed before 1983 and continued to be used for a long time afterward includes TeX and SPICE.
Other examples were large user groups such as that of the IBM 701, whose user group was called SHARE, and that of Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), whose user group was called DECUS.
Software was produced largely by academics and corporate researchers working in collaboration and was not itself seen as a commodity. Operating systems, such as early versions of UNIX, were widely distributed and maintained by the community of users. Source code, the human-readable version of software, was distributed with software because users frequently modified the software themselves to fix bugs or add new functionality, and because programmers couldn't possibly create executable machine-code for the wide variety of hardware that existed. Thus in this era, software was free in a sense, not because of any concerted effort by software users or developers, but rather because software was developed by the user community.
AT&T distributed early versions of UNIX at no cost to government and academic researchers, but these versions did not come with permission to redistribute or to distribute modified versions, and were thus not free software as the term has come to mean.
In the late 1970s and early 1980s, companies began routinely imposing restrictions on programmers through copyright. Sometimes this was because they saw a way to make money by blocking rights and selling them back. AT&T, for example, began to enforce its restrictive licences when the company decided it might profit by selling the Unix system.[citation needed] Bill Gates signaled the change of the times in 1976 when he wrote his now-famous Open Letter to Hobbyists, sending out the message that what hackers called "sharing" was, in his words, "stealing".
The advent of Usenet in the early 1980s further connected the programming community and provided a simpler way for programmers to share their software and contribute to software others had written.[3]
Some free software which was developed before 1983 and continued to be used for a long time afterward includes TeX and SPICE.
FREE SOFTWARE
Free software is software that can be used, studied, and modified without restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do these things. In practice, for software to be distributed as free software, the human readable form of the program (the "source code") must be made available to the recipient along with a notice granting the above permissions. Such a notice is a "free software licence", or, in theory, could be a notice saying that the source code is released into the public domain.
The free software movement was launched in 1983 to make these freedoms available to every computer user.[1] From the late 1990s onward, alternative terms for free software came into use. "Open source software" is the most common such alternative term. Others include "software libre", "free, libre and open-source software" ("FOSS", or, with "libre", "FLOSS"). The antonym of free software is "proprietary software" or non-free software.
Free software is distinct from "freeware" which is proprietary software made available free of charge. Users usually cannot study, modify, or redistribute freeware. The only permission freeware has in common with free software is the permission to use the software.
Since free software may be freely redistributed, it generally is available at little or no cost. Free software business models are usually based on adding value such as support, training, customization, integration, or certification. At the same time, some business models which work with proprietary software are not compatible with free software, such as those that depend on a user having no choice but to pay for a licence in order to lawfully use a software product.
The free software movement was launched in 1983 to make these freedoms available to every computer user.[1] From the late 1990s onward, alternative terms for free software came into use. "Open source software" is the most common such alternative term. Others include "software libre", "free, libre and open-source software" ("FOSS", or, with "libre", "FLOSS"). The antonym of free software is "proprietary software" or non-free software.
Free software is distinct from "freeware" which is proprietary software made available free of charge. Users usually cannot study, modify, or redistribute freeware. The only permission freeware has in common with free software is the permission to use the software.
Since free software may be freely redistributed, it generally is available at little or no cost. Free software business models are usually based on adding value such as support, training, customization, integration, or certification. At the same time, some business models which work with proprietary software are not compatible with free software, such as those that depend on a user having no choice but to pay for a licence in order to lawfully use a software product.
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer.[1] Programming languages, like natural languages, are defined by syntactic and semantic rules which describe their structure and meaning respectively. Many programming languages have some form of written specification of their syntax and semantics; some are defined only by an official implementation.
Programming languages are used to facilitate communication about the task of organizing and manipulating information, and to express algorithms precisely. Some authors restrict the term "programming language" to those languages that can express all possible algorithms;[2] sometimes the term "computer language" is used for more limited artificial languages.
Thousands of different programming languages[3] have been created, and new languages are created every year.
Programming languages are used to facilitate communication about the task of organizing and manipulating information, and to express algorithms precisely. Some authors restrict the term "programming language" to those languages that can express all possible algorithms;[2] sometimes the term "computer language" is used for more limited artificial languages.
Thousands of different programming languages[3] have been created, and new languages are created every year.
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
Software engineering is the application of a systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approach to the development, operation, and maintenance of software.[1] It encompasses techniques and procedures, often regulated by a software development process, with the purpose of improving the reliability and maintainability of software systems.[2] The effort is necessitated by the potential complexity of those systems, which may contain millions of lines of code.[3]
The term software engineering was popularized by F.L. Bauer during the NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968.[4] The discipline of software engineering includes knowledge, tools, and methods for software requirements, software design, software construction, software testing, and software maintenance tasks.[5] Software engineering is related to the disciplines of computer science, computer engineering, management, mathematics, project management, quality management, software ergonomics, and systems engineering.[6]
As of 2004, the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics counts 760,840 software engineers holding jobs in the U.S.; for comparison, in the U.S. there are some 1.4 million practitioners employed in all other engineering disciplines combined.[7] Due to its relative newness as a field of study, formal education in software engineering is often taught as part of a computer science curriculum, and as a result most software engineers hold computer science degrees
The term software engineering was popularized by F.L. Bauer during the NATO Software Engineering Conference in 1968.[4] The discipline of software engineering includes knowledge, tools, and methods for software requirements, software design, software construction, software testing, and software maintenance tasks.[5] Software engineering is related to the disciplines of computer science, computer engineering, management, mathematics, project management, quality management, software ergonomics, and systems engineering.[6]
As of 2004, the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics counts 760,840 software engineers holding jobs in the U.S.; for comparison, in the U.S. there are some 1.4 million practitioners employed in all other engineering disciplines combined.[7] Due to its relative newness as a field of study, formal education in software engineering is often taught as part of a computer science curriculum, and as a result most software engineers hold computer science degrees
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